A multi-proxy approach to identifying short-lived marine incursions in the Early Carboniferous

This study is a contribution to the TW:eed Project (Tetrapod World: early evolution and diversification), which
examines the rebuilding of Carboniferous ecosystems following a mass extinction at the end of the Devonian. The
project focuses on the Tournaisian Ballagan Formation of Scotland and the Borders, which contains rare fish and
tetrapod material. The Ballagan Formation is characterised by sandstones, dolomitic cementstones, paleosols, siltstones
and gypsum deposits. The depositional environment ranges from fluvial, alluvial-plain to marginal-marine
environments, with fluvial, floodplain and lacustrine deposition dominant.