Exposure assessment of 17α-ethinylestradiol in surface waters of the United States and Europe

Hannah, Robert; D'Aco, Vincent J.; Anderson, Paul D.; Buzby, Mary E.; Caldwell, Daniel J.; Cunningham, Virginia L.; Ericson, Jon F.; Johnson, Andrew C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-3764; Parke, Neil J.; Samuelian, John H.; Sumpter, John P.. 2009 Exposure assessment of 17α-ethinylestradiol in surface waters of the United States and Europe. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28 (12). 2725-2732. 10.1897/08-622.1

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Abstract/Summary

An evaluation of measured and predicted concentrations of 17α ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in surface waters of the United States (U.S.) and Europe was conducted to develop expected long term exposure concentrations for this compound. Measured environmental concentrations (MECs) in surface waters were identified from the literature. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were generated for European and U.S. watersheds using the GREAT-ER and PhATE™ models, respectively. The majority of MECs are non-detect and generally consistent with model PECs and conservative mass balance calculations. However, the highest MECs are not consistent with concentrations derived from conservative (worst case) mass balance estimates or model PECs. A review of analytical methods suggests that tandem or high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) methods with extract cleanup result in lower detection limits and lower reported concentrations consistent with model predictions and bounding estimates. Based on model results using PhATE and GREAT ER, the 90th percentile low flow PECs in surface water are approximately 0.2 and 0.3 ng/L for the U.S. and Europe, respectively. These levels represent conservative estimates of long-term exposure that can be used for risk assessment purposes. Our analysis also indicates that average concentrations are one to two orders of magnitude lower than these 90th percentile estimates. Higher reported concentrations (e.g., greater than the 99th percentile PEC of ~1 ng/l) could result from methodological problems or unusual environmental circumstances; however, such concentrations are not representative of levels generally found in the environment, warrant special scrutiny, and are not appropriate for use in risk assessments of long-term exposures.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1897/08-622.1
Programmes:	CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Water > WA02 Quantifying processes that link water quality and quantity, biota and physical environment > WA02.2 Hydrochemical and sediment processes CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biogeochemistry > SE01B Sustainable Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals > SE01.4 Monitoring and predicting the distribution of chemicals in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Acreman
ISSN:	0730-7268
Additional Keywords:	17α-Ethinylestradiol, Estrogen, Surface water, Water quality model
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Hydrology Chemistry
Related URLs:	Author's Homepage
Date made live:	23 Nov 2009 11:40 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/8573

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1897/08-622.1

Programmes:

CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Water > WA02 Quantifying processes that link water quality and quantity, biota and physical environment > WA02.2 Hydrochemical and sediment processes
CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biogeochemistry > SE01B Sustainable Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals > SE01.4 Monitoring and predicting the distribution of chemicals in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Acreman

ISSN:

0730-7268

Additional Keywords:

17α-Ethinylestradiol, Estrogen, Surface water, Water quality model