Agrochemical inputs to managed oil palm plantations are a probable risk to ecosystems: results from a screening level risk assessment

Dearlove, Eleanor ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-9554; Harrison, Sam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8491-4720; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X; Spurgeon, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760. 2024 Agrochemical inputs to managed oil palm plantations are a probable risk to ecosystems: results from a screening level risk assessment. Environmental Pollution, 124749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124749

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Abstract/Summary

Palm oil is a high value crop widely grown in the tropics. The management of palm oil is characterised by widespread agrochemical use. Here we report the results of a screening level risk assessment conducted from the available literature on the environmental concentration of agrochemicals in surface waters and soils in palm oil growing areas. To date, only a small number of published studies have measured pollutant concentrations in and around palm oil plantations. To identify potential high-risk contaminants, a standard SSD based risk assessment, establishing risk quotients for detected contaminants, was conducted in relation to available species sensitivity distributions. A probabilistic SSD based risk assessment, calculating potential risk distributions, was also conducted for contaminants with the required number of data points available. Metals were the most commonly detected (and measured) substances and also presented the greatest risk, especially copper and zinc, but also nickel, lead and cadmium. For these metals, environmental concentrations overlapped levels found to cause effects in toxicity studies, indicating the potential for adverse outcomes from exposure. To fully understand the extent of this risk, more detailed studies are needed that assess metal speciation states and bioavailability under the prevailing soil and water chemistry conditions in palm oil plots. Limited studies have measured pesticide concentrations in palm oil systems. In these few cases, only a few active substances have been measured. From the limited information available, potential risks are indicated due to the presence of some insecticides. However, fungicides are also widely used for palm oil disease management, but little data studies are available to assess both exposure and potential effects. To further assess the potential chemical footprint of different palm oil management practices, studies are needed that systematically assess pollutant levels across a range of chemical groups to consider effects within a mixture context.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124749
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Biodiversity (Science Area 2017-) Pollution (Science Area 2017-)
ISSN:	0269-7491
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	metals, pesticides, bioavailability, species sensitivity distribution, probabilistic risk assessment
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment
Date made live:	23 Aug 2024 10:56 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/537910

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