Development and validation of comprehensive closed formulas for atmospheric delay and altimetry correction in ground-based GNSS-R

Nikolaidou, Thalia; Santos, Marcelo C.; Williams, Simon D. P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-4973; Geremia-Nievinski, Felipe. 2023 Development and validation of comprehensive closed formulas for atmospheric delay and altimetry correction in ground-based GNSS-R. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 61. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3260243

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3260243

Abstract/Summary

Radio wave propagation involved in global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) is subject to atmospheric refraction. Even for ground-based tracking stations, in applications such as coastal sea-level altimetry, the interferometric or reflection-minus-direct effect might be significant. Although atmospheric propagation delays are best investigated numerically via raytracing, including reflections, such a procedure is not trivial. We have developed simpler closed formulas to account for atmospheric refraction in ground-based GNSS-R, validated against independent raytracing. We provide specific expressions for the two components of the atmospheric interferometric delay and corresponding altimetry correction components, parameterized in terms of refractivity and bending angle. Assessment results showed excellent agreement for both components. We define the interferometric slant factor used to map interferometric zenithal delays to individual satellites.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3260243
ISSN:	0196-2892
Date made live:	25 Sep 2023 14:22 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/535897

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3260243

ISSN:

0196-2892

Date made live:

25 Sep 2023 14:22 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/535897