Hierarchical variation in phenotypic flexibility across timescales and associated survival selection shape the dynamics of partial seasonal migration

Acker, Paul; Daunt, Francis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-3388; Wanless, Sarah; Burthe, Sarah J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-3432; Newell, Mark A.; Harris, Michael P.; Gunn, Carrie; Swann, Robert L.; Payo-Payo, Ana; Reid, Jane M.. 2023 Hierarchical variation in phenotypic flexibility across timescales and associated survival selection shape the dynamics of partial seasonal migration. The American Naturalist, 201 (2). 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1086/722484

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Abstract/Summary

Population responses to environmental variation ultimately depend on within-individual and among-individual variation in labile phenotypic traits that affect fitness and resulting episodes of selection. Yet complex patterns of individual phenotypic variation arising within and between time periods, as well as associated variation in selection, have not been fully conceptualized or quantified. We highlight how structured patterns of phenotypic variation in dichotomous threshold traits can theoretically arise and experience varying forms of selection, shaping overall phenotypic dynamics. We then fit novel multistate models to 10 years of band-resighting data from European shags to quantify phenotypic variation and selection in a key threshold trait underlying spatioseasonal population dynamics: seasonal migration versus residence. First, we demonstrate substantial among-individual variation alongside substantial between-year individual repeatability in within-year phenotypic variation (“flexibility”), with weak sexual dimorphism. Second, we demonstrate that between-year individual variation in within-year phenotypes (“supraflexibility”) is structured and directional, consistent with the threshold trait model. Third, we demonstrate strong survival selection on within-year phenotypes—and hence on flexibility—that varies across years and sexes, including episodes of disruptive selection representing costs of flexibility. By quantitatively combining these results, we show how supraflexibility and survival selection on migratory flexibility jointly shape population-wide phenotypic dynamics of seasonal movement.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1086/722484
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Biodiversity (Science Area 2017-) UKCEH Fellows Unaffiliated
ISSN:	0003-0147
Additional Keywords:	disruptive selection, multistate capture-recapture, partial migration, phenotypic plasticity, temporally varying selection, threshold trait
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment
Related URLs:	Dataset
Date made live:	31 Oct 2023 15:53 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/535263

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