Copernicus marine service ocean state report

von Schuckmann, Karina; Le Traon, Pierre-Yves; Smith, Neville; Pascual, Ananda; Brasseur, Pierre; Fennel, Katja; Djavidnia, Samy; Aaboe, Signe; Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez; Autret, Emmanuelle; Axell, Lars; Aznar, Roland; Benincasa, Mario; Bentamy, Abderahim; Boberg, Fredrik; Bourdallé-Badie, Romain; Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno; Brando, Vittorio E.; Bricaud, Clément; Breivik, Lars-Anders; Brewin, Robert J.W.; Capet, Arthur; Ceschin, Adrien; Ciliberti, Stefania; Cossarini, Gianpiero; de Alfonso, Marta; de Pascual Collar, Alvaro; de Kloe, Jos; Deshayes, Julie; Desportes, Charles; Drévillon, Marie; Drillet, Yann; Droghei, Riccardo; Dubois, Clotilde; Embury, Owen; Etienne, Hélène; Fratianni, Claudia; Lafuente, Jesús García; Sotillo, Marcos Garcia; Garric, Gilles; Gasparin, Florent; Gerin, Riccardo; Good, Simon; Gourrion, Jérome; Grégoire, Marilaure; Greiner, Eric; Guinehut, Stéphanie; Gutknecht, Elodie; Hernandez, Fabrice; Hernandez, Olga; Høyer, Jacob; Jackson, Laura; Jandt, Simon; Josey, Simon ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-8831; Juza, Mélanie; Kennedy, John; Kokkini, Zoi; Korres, Gerasimos; Kõuts, Mariliis; Lagemaa, Priidik; Lavergne, Thomas; le Cann, Bernard; Legeais, Jean-François; Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte; Levier, Bruno; Lien, Vidar; Maljutenko, Ilja; Manzano, Fernando; Marcos, Marta; Marinova, Veselka; Masina, Simona; Mauri, Elena; Mayer, Michael; Melet, Angelique; Mélin, Frédéric; Meyssignac, Benoit; Monier, Maeva; Müller, Malte; Mulet, Sandrine; Naranjo, Cristina; Notarstefano, Giulio; Paulmier, Aurélien; Gomez, Begoña Pérez; Gonzalez, Irene Pérez; Peneva, Elisaveta; Perruche, Coralie; Andrew Peterson, K.; Pinardi, Nadia; Pisano, Andrea; Pardo, Silvia; Poulain, Pierre-Marie; Raj, Roshin P.; Raudsepp, Urmas; Ravdas, Michaelis; Reid, Rebecca; Rio, Marie-Hélène; Salon, Stefano; Samuelsen, Annette; Sammartino, Michela; Sammartino, Simone; Sandø, Anne Britt; Santoleri, Rosalia; Sathyendranath, Shubha; She, Jun; Simoncelli, Simona; Solidoro, Cosimo; Stoffelen, Ad; Storto, Andrea; Szerkely, Tanguy; Tamm, Susanne; Tietsche, Steffen; Tinker, Jonathan; Tintore, Joaquín; Trindade, Ana; van Zanten, Daphne; Vandenbulcke, Luc; Verhoef, Anton; Verbrugge, Nathalie; Viktorsson, Lena; von Schuckmann, Karina; Wakelin, Sarah L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-2693; Zacharioudaki, Anna; Zuo, Hao. 2018 Copernicus marine service ocean state report. Taylor and Francis.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208

Abstract/Summary

The oceans regulate our weather and climate from global to regional scales. They absorb over 90% of accumulated heat in the climate system (IPCC Citation2013) and over a quarter of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Le Quéré et al. Citation2016). They provide nearly half of the world’s oxygen. Most of our rain and drinking water is ultimately regulated by the sea. The oceans provide food and energy and are an important source of the planet's biodiversity and ecosystem services. They are vital conduits for trade and transportation and many economic activities depend on them (OECD Citation2016). Our oceans are, however, under threat due to climate change and other human induced activities and it is vital to develop much better, sustainable and science-based reporting and management approaches (UN Citation2017). Better management of our oceans requires long-term, continuous and state-of-the art monitoring of the oceans from physics to ecosystems and global to local scales. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) has been set up to address these challenges at European level. Mercator Ocean was tasked in 2014 by the European Union under a delegation agreement to implement the operational phase of the service from 2015 to 2021 (CMEMS Citation2014). The CMEMS now provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical state, variability and dynamics of the ocean, ice and marine ecosystems for the global ocean and the European regional seas (Figure 0.1; CMEMS Citation2016). This capacity encompasses the description of the current situation (analysis), the prediction of the situation 10 days ahead (forecast), and the provision of consistent retrospective data records for recent years (reprocessing and reanalysis). CMEMS provides a sustainable response to European user needs in four areas of benefits: (i) maritime safety, (ii) marine resources, (iii) coastal and marine environment and (iv) weather, seasonal forecast and climate. Figure 0.1. CMEMS geographical areas on the map are for: 1 – Global Ocean; 2 – Arctic Ocean from 62°N to North Pole; 3 – Baltic Sea, which includes the whole Baltic Sea including Kattegat at 57.5°N from 10.5°E to 12.0°E; 4 – European North-West Shelf Sea, which includes part of the North East Atlantic Ocean from 48°N to 62°N and from 20°W to 13°E. The border with the Baltic Sea is situated in the Kattegat Strait at 57.5°N from 10.5°E.to 12.0°E; 5 – Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Regional Seas, which includes part of the North East Atlantic Ocean from 26 to 48°N and 20°W to the coast. The border with the Mediterranean Sea is situated in the Gibraltar Strait at 5.61°W; 6 – Mediterranean Sea, which includes the whole Mediterranean Sea until the Gibraltar Strait at 5.61°W and the Dardanelles Strait; 7 – Black Sea, which includes the whole Black Sea until the Bosporus Strait.

Item Type:	Publication - Report
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208
ISSN:	1755-876X
Date made live:	23 Feb 2023 15:23 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/534077

Item Type:

Publication - Report

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208

ISSN:

1755-876X

Date made live:

23 Feb 2023 15:23 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/534077