Anthropogenic mixing in seasonally stratified shelf seas by offshore wind farm infrastructure

Dorrell, Robert M.; Lloyd, Charlie J.; Lincoln, Ben J.; Rippeth, Tom P.; Taylor, John R.; Caulfield, Colm-cille P.; Sharples, Jonathan; Polton, Jeff A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-5250; Scannell, Brian D.; Greaves, Deborah M.; Hall, Rob A.; Simpson, John H.. 2022 Anthropogenic mixing in seasonally stratified shelf seas by offshore wind farm infrastructure. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.830927

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.830927

Abstract/Summary

The offshore wind energy sector has rapidly expanded over the past two decades, providing a renewable energy solution for coastal nations. Sector development has been led in Europe, but is growing globally. Most developments to date have been in well-mixed, i.e., unstratified, shallow-waters near to shore. Sector growth is, for the first time, pushing developments to deep water, into a brand new environment: seasonally stratified shelf seas. Seasonally stratified shelf seas, where water density varies with depth, have a disproportionately key role in primary production, marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycling. Infrastructure will directly mix stratified shelf seas. The magnitude of this mixing, additional to natural background processes, has yet to be fully quantified. If large enough it may erode shelf sea stratification. Therefore, offshore wind growth may destabilize and fundamentally change shelf sea systems. However, enhanced mixing may also positively impact some marine ecosystems. This paper sets the scene for sector development into this new environment, reviews the potential physical and environmental benefits and impacts of large scale industrialization of seasonally stratified shelf seas and identifies areas where research is required to best utilize, manage, and mitigate environmental change.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.830927
ISSN:	2296-7745
Date made live:	08 Apr 2022 09:20 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532339

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.830927

ISSN:

2296-7745

Date made live:

08 Apr 2022 09:20 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532339