Translating the agricultural N surplus hazard into groundwater pollution risk: implications for effectiveness of mitigation measures in nitrate vulnerable zones

Cameira, Maria do Rosário; Rolim, João; Valente, Fernanda; Mesquita, Marta; Dragosits, Ulrike ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-6467; Cordovil, Cláudia M.d.S.. 2021 Translating the agricultural N surplus hazard into groundwater pollution risk: implications for effectiveness of mitigation measures in nitrate vulnerable zones. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 306, 107204. 17, pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107204

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107204

Abstract/Summary

In the Nitrate Vulnerable Zones farmers are required to implement measures to reduce the nitrogen (N) surplus. Nevertheless, in some cases the status of the water bodies show that the effect of these measures remains insufficient despite the global decrease in N surpluses. The present work aims to contribute with a method that produces an appropriate indicator for the N mitigation measures effectiveness for reducing groundwater nitrate pollution. The Global Risk Index (GRI) results from overlaying the agricultural N surplus hazard and aquifer vulnerability. It includes both irrigation activity and precipitation contribution to water recharge calculated at the municipality level. It integrates a range of regional datasets combined with monitored nitrate (NO3−) concentrations in groundwater under a GIS framework. Results show that the pollution status of the Tagus Vulnerable Zone (TVZ) aquifers has been aggravating in spite of the overall reduction in the N surpluses that resulted from the implementation of the Nitrates Directive measures. Twelve years after the TVZ designation, the GRI indicates high and moderate NO3- pollution risk, respectively in 33 % and 66 % of the territory. Scenario analysis indicates the potential of targeted measures for ending high risk areas and reducing moderate risk areas to 13 %. This supports that N mitigation measures must be reformulated and spatially targeted according to site specific hazards and vulnerabilities.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107204
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects (Science Area 2017-)
ISSN:	0167-8809
Additional Keywords:	agri-environmental indicator, irrigation, Nitrates Directive, nitrogen hazard, spatialization, vulnerability, water surplus
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Agriculture and Soil Science
Date made live:	27 Jan 2021 12:34 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/529511

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107204

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects (Science Area 2017-)

ISSN:

0167-8809

Additional Keywords:

agri-environmental indicator, irrigation, Nitrates Directive, nitrogen hazard, spatialization, vulnerability, water surplus

NORA Subject Terms:

Ecology and Environment
Agriculture and Soil Science