Historical estimates of surface marine temperatures

Kent, Elizabeth C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-4247; Kennedy, John J.. 2021 Historical estimates of surface marine temperatures. Annual Review of Marine Science, 13 (1). 283-311. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807

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Abstract/Summary

Surface temperature documents our changing climate, and the marine record represents one of the longest widely distributed, observation-based estimates. Measurements of near-surface marine air temperature and sea-surface temperature have been recorded on platforms ranging from sailing ships to autonomous drifting buoys. The raw observations show an imprint of differing measurement methods and are sparse in certain periods and regions. This review describes how the real signal of global climate change can be determined from these sparse and noisy observations, including the quantification of measurement method–dependent biases and the reduction of spurious signals. Recent progress has come from analysis of the observations at increasing levels of granularity and from accounting for artifacts in the data that depend on platform types, measurement methods, and environmental conditions. Cutting across these effects are others caused by how the data were recorded, transcribed, and archived. These insights will be integrated into the next generation of global products quantified with validated estimates of uncertainty and the dependencies of its correlation structure. Further analysis of these records using improved data, metadata, and methods will certainly uncover more idiosyncrasies and new ways to improve the record. The paper can be accessed open access at - http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/BZ3APHPKJPYBCVAXSAJY/full/10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807. Please copy and paste the link into your browser.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807
ISSN:	1941-1405
Date made live:	06 Jan 2021 08:23 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/529334

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-042120-111807

ISSN:

1941-1405

Date made live:

06 Jan 2021 08:23 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/529334