The effects of in vivo exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles on the gut microbiome, host immunity, and susceptibility to a bacterial infection in earthworms

Swart, Elmer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-1700; Dvorak, Jiri; Hernádi, Szabolcs; Goodall, Tim ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1526-4071; Kille, Peter; Spurgeon, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X; Prochazkova, Petra. 2020 The effects of in vivo exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles on the gut microbiome, host immunity, and susceptibility to a bacterial infection in earthworms [in special issue: An evolutionary and environmental perspective of the interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system - the outcomes of the EU project PANDORA] Nanomaterials, 10 (7), 1337. 21, pp. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071337

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Abstract/Summary

Nanomaterials (NMs) can interact with the innate immunity of organisms. It remains, however, unclear whether these interactions can compromise the immune functioning of the host when faced with a disease threat. Co-exposure with pathogens is thus a powerful approach to assess the immuno-safety of NMs. In this paper, we studied the impacts of in vivo exposure to a biocidal NM on the gut microbiome, host immune responses, and susceptibility of the host to a bacterial challenge in an earthworm. Eisenia fetida were exposed to CuO-nanoparticles in soil for 28 days, after which the earthworms were challenged with the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Immune responses were monitored by measuring mRNA levels of known earthworm immune genes. Effects of treatments on the gut microbiome were also assessed to link microbiome changes to immune responses. Treatments caused a shift in the earthworm gut microbiome. Despite these effects, no impacts of treatment on the expression of earthworm immune markers were recorded. The methodological approach applied in this paper provides a useful framework for improved assessment of immuno-safety of NMs. In addition, we highlight the need to investigate time as a factor in earthworm immune responses to NM exposure.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071337
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Pollution (Science Area 2017-) Soils and Land Use (Science Area 2017-)
ISSN:	2079-4991
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	innate immunity, infection, microbiome, survival, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, copper, earthworms, Eisenia fetida
NORA Subject Terms:	Biology and Microbiology
Date made live:	29 Jul 2020 12:24 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/528243

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