Evolution of the geomagnetic daily variation at Tatuoca, Brazil, from 1957 to 2019: a transition from Sq to EEJ

Soares, Gabriel B.; Yamazaki, Yosuke; Cnossen, Ingrid ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-7861; Matzka, Jürgen; Pinheiro, Katia; Morschhauser, Achim; Alken, Patrick; Stolle, Claudia. 2020 Evolution of the geomagnetic daily variation at Tatuoca, Brazil, from 1957 to 2019: a transition from Sq to EEJ. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125 (9), e2020JA028109. 20, pp. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028109

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Official URL: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.102...

Abstract/Summary

The magnetic equator in the Brazilian region has moved over 1,100 km northward since 1957, passing the geomagnetic observatory Tatuoca (TTB), in northern Brazil, around 2013. We recovered and processed TTB hourly mean values of the geomagnetic field horizontal (H) component from 1957 until 2019, allowing the investigation of long‐term changes in the daily variation due to the influence of secular variation, solar activity, season, and lunar phase. The H day‐to‐day variability and the occurrence of the counter electrojet at TTB were also investigated. Until the 1990s, ionospheric solar quiet currents dominated the quiet‐time daily variation at TTB. After 2000, the magnitude of the daily variation became appreciably greater due to the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) contribution. The H seasonal and day‐to‐day variability increased as the magnetic equator approached, but their amplitudes normalized to the average daily variation remained at similar levels. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the lunar variation, normalized in the same way, increased from 5% to 12%. Within the EEJ region, the occurrence rate of the morning counter electrojet (MCEJ) increased with proximity to the magnetic equator, while the afternoon counter electrojet (ACEJ) did not. EEJ currents derived from CHAMP and Swarm satellite data revealed that the MCEJ rate varies with magnetic latitude within the EEJ region while the ACEJ rate is largely constant. Simulations with the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model based on different geomagnetic main field configurations suggest that long‐term changes in the geomagnetic daily variation at TTB can be attributed to the main field secular variation.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028109
ISSN:	2169-9380
Additional Keywords:	geomagnetism, space physics, geomagnetic daily variation , solar quiet currents, equatorial electrojet, equatorial, ionosphere, Brazil
Date made live:	25 Sep 2020 11:59 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527437

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028109

ISSN:

2169-9380

Additional Keywords:

geomagnetism, space physics, geomagnetic daily variation , solar quiet currents, equatorial electrojet, equatorial, ionosphere, Brazil

Date made live:

25 Sep 2020 11:59 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/527437