A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System

Lee, Craig M.; Starkweather, Sandy; Eicken, Hajo; Timmermans, Mary-Louise; Wilkinson, Jeremy; Sandven, Stein; Dukhovskoy, Dmitry; Gerland, Sebastian; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Intrieri, Janet; Kang, Sung-Ho; McCammon, Molly; Polyakov, Igor; Rabe, Benjamin; Seeyave, Sophie; Volkov, Denis; Beszczynska-Möller, Anieszka; Dzieciuch, Matthew; Goni, Gustavo J.; King, Andrew; Olsen, Are; Rossby, Thomas; Sagen, Hanne; Skagseth, Øystein; Søiland, Henrik; Sørensen, Kai. 2019 A Framework for the Development, Design and Implementation of a Sustained Arctic Ocean Observing System. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 (451). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00451

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Text (Open Access) Copyright © 2019 Lee, Starkweather, Eicken, Timmermans, Wilkinson, Sandven, Dukhovskoy, Gerland, Grebmeier, Intrieri, Kang, McCammon, Nguyen, Polyakov, Rabe, Sagen, Seeyave, Volkov, Beszczynska-Möller, Chafik, Dzieciuch, Goni, Hamre, King, Olsen, Raj, Rossby, Skagseth, Søiland and Sørensen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. fmars-06-00451.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (3MB) | Preview

Abstract/Summary

Rapid Arctic warming drives profound change in the marine environment that have significant socio-economic impacts within the Arctic and beyond, including climate and weather hazards, food security, transportation, infrastructure planning and resource extraction. These concerns drive efforts to understand and predict Arctic environmental change and motivate development of an Arctic Region Component of the Global Ocean Observing System (ARCGOOS) capable of collecting the broad, sustained observations needed to support these endeavors. This paper provides a roadmap for establishing the ARCGOOS. ARCGOOS development must be underpinned by a broadly-endorsed framework grounded in high-level policy drivers and the scientific and operational objectives that stem from them. This should be guided by a transparent, internationally accepted governance structure with recognized authority and organizational relationships with the national agencies that ultimately execute network plans. A governance model for ARCGOOS must guide selection of objectives, assess performance and fitness-to-purpose, and advocate for resources. A requirements-based framework for an ARCGOOS begins with the Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) that underpin the system. SBAs motivate investments and define the system's science and operational objectives. Objectives can then be used to identify key observables and their scope. The domains of planning/policy, strategy, and tactics define scope ranging from decades and basins to focused observing with near real time data delivery. Patterns emerge when this analysis is integrated across an appropriate set of SBAs and science/operational objectives, identifying impactful variables and the scope of the measurements. When weighted for technological readiness and logistical feasibility, this can be used to select Essential ARCGOOS Variables, analogous to Essential Ocean Variables of the Global Ocean Observing System. The Arctic presents distinct needs and challenges, demanding novel observing strategies. Cost, traceability and ability to integrate region-specific knowledge have to be balanced, in an approach that builds on existing and new observing infrastructure. ARCGOOS should benefit from established data infrastructures following the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reuseable Principles to ensure preservation and sharing of data and derived products. Linking to the Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON) process and involving Arctic stakeholders, for example through liaison with the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), can help ensure success.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00451
ISSN:	22967745
Additional Keywords:	Arctic, Observing system, Essential Ocean Variables (EOV), autonomous platforms, Observing system design, societal benefit areas, Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks, Global ocean observing system
Date made live:	31 Jul 2019 13:59 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/524295

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