Offspring sex ratio in relation to female size in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina

Arnbom, Tom; Fedak, M. A.; Rothery, Peter. 1994 Offspring sex ratio in relation to female size in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 35 (6). 373-378. 10.1007/BF00165838

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165838

Abstract/Summary

Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina display extreme sexual dimorphism. In addition females show great variation in size and stored resources at parturition. Therefore they present an excellent opportunity for examination of responses of sex ratio to resource availability. We studied the relationships between the size of southern elephant seal females at parturition and the size and sex of their pups at South Georgia over four breeding seasons. We found a large individual variation in maternal post-partum mass (range 296–977 kg, n=151). Larger mothers gave birth to larger pups, irrespective of the sex of their pup. Male pups were on average 14% larger than females at birth and consequently more costly to bring to parturition. Our results suggest that female southern elephant seals must weigh more than 300 kg if they are to breed at all, and more than 380 kg if they are to give birth to a male pup. Above this threshold the proportion of males among offspring rapidly increases with maternal mass, and stabilizes at a level not significantly different from parity. These results show that smaller females of southern elephant seals vary offspring sex ratio in a way that is consistent with theories on adaptive offspring sex ratio. A smaller mother with a male foetus may benefit from terminating her pregnancy and allocating the resources she saves to her own growth. She could then give birth to and raise a larger pup in the subsequent season.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1007/BF00165838
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Pre 2000 programme
ISSN:	0340-5443
Additional Keywords:	female size, offspring sex ratio, Mirounga leonina
Date made live:	17 Jan 2017 13:33 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/515905

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1007/BF00165838

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Pre 2000 programme

ISSN:

0340-5443

Additional Keywords:

female size, offspring sex ratio, Mirounga leonina

Date made live:

17 Jan 2017 13:33 +0 (UTC)