Coral indicators of past sea-level change: a global repository of U-series dated benchmarks

Hibbert, Fiona D.; Rohling, Eelco J.; Dutton, Andrea; Williams, Felicity H.; Chutcharavan, Peter M.; Zhao, Cheng; Tamisiea, Mark E.. 2016 Coral indicators of past sea-level change: a global repository of U-series dated benchmarks. Quaternary Science Reviews, 145. 1-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019

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© 2016 Elsevier B.V. This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Quaternary Science Reviews. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version will be published in Quaternary Science Reviews doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019

Abstract/Summary

Fossil corals provide valuable data for reconstructing past sea levels, as they are often well preserved in the fossil record and can be dated with U-series methods. Here we present a global and internally consistent database of Usingle bondTh dated fossil coral sea-level indicators, including full consideration of all (known) associated uncertainties (both vertical and chronological). We include carefully determined taxon-specific depth distributions, rather than blanket depth uncertainty terms as used in most previous work. This is based on a synthesis of extensive modern ecological information on depth ranges. These ranges are found to be spatially variable (between ocean basins, between regions, and on sub-regional scales) because depth itself is not limiting – instead, depth distributions arise from complex physical, chemical, and biological interactions with coral-reef growth, distribution, and composition. One of the main causes for recognition of the greater depth-variability of coral taxa has been the routine inclusion of deep-diving and ROV surveys in coral ecological studies over the past few decades, which has broken through the “shallow-water” bias of early surveys by adding frequent observations on deeper occurrences (although more are needed). It is also clear from our assessment that coral habitat-depth distributions must be determined on the species level to reduce uncertainties in reconstructions of past sea levels, and that application to sea-level studies then requires these studies also to identify fossil corals to the species level. Samples identified only to the genus level give rise to wide uncertainties in habitat depth and, hence, sea level. Our database contains extensive metadata to assist evaluations of dating quality, as well as geomorphic and stratigraphic metadata. We demonstrate with examples how such metadata can help to evaluate sea-level reconstructions, for example by identifying outlier points. One example discusses the Last Interglacial (LIG), where we use the available data with their uncertainties to assess probabilistically the time at which local sea levels exceed that of the present, which yields a mean age of 124.6 ka with 95% probability bounds at 118.5 and 129.5 ka. We conclude with identification of key outstanding issues relating to: (i) current incomplete understanding of tectonic setting (including the current lack of independent verification of uplift/subsidence rates and reliance of somewhat unsatisfactory, and circular, use of the elevation of Last Interglacial deposits); (ii) the depth-distributions of coral taxa and; (iii) the complete documentation of stratigraphic, geomorphological and other contextual information, with suggestions for strategies to address these issues.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019
ISSN:	02773791
Additional Keywords:	Coral; Sea-level; U-series dating
Date made live:	15 Sep 2016 14:37 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/514507

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019

ISSN:

02773791

Additional Keywords:

Coral; Sea-level; U-series dating

Date made live:

15 Sep 2016 14:37 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/514507