Earthworm uptake routes and rates of ionic Zn and ZnO nanoparticles at realistic concentrations, traced using stable isotope labeling

Laycock, Adam; Diez-Ortiz, Maria; Larner, Fiona; Dybowska, Agnieszka; Spurgeon, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia; Rehkämper, Mark; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X. 2016 Earthworm uptake routes and rates of ionic Zn and ZnO nanoparticles at realistic concentrations, traced using stable isotope labeling. Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (1). 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03413

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Abstract/Summary

The environmental behavior of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), their availability to, uptake pathways by, and biokinetics in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated using stable isotope labeling. Zinc isotopically enriched to 99.5% in 68Zn (68Zn-E) was used to prepare 68ZnO NPs and a dissolved phase of 68Zn for comparison. These materials enabled tracing of environmentally relevant (below background) NP additions to soil of only 5 mg 68Zn-E kg–1. Uptake routes were isolated by introducing earthworms with sealed and unsealed mouthparts into test soils for up to 72 h. The Zn isotope compositions of the soils, pore waters and earthworms were then determined using multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Detection and quantification of 68Zn-E in earthworm tissue was possible after only 4 h of dermal exposure, when the uptake of 68Zn-E had increased the total Zn tissue concentration by 0.03‰. The results demonstrate that at these realistic exposure concentrations there is no distinguishable difference between the uptake of the two forms of Zn by the earthworm L. rubellus, with the dietary pathway accounting for ∼95% of total uptake. This stands in contrast to comparable studies where high dosing levels were used and dermal uptake is dominant.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03413
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Acreman
ISSN:	0013-936X
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
NORA Subject Terms:	Zoology Biology and Microbiology
Date made live:	26 May 2016 13:01 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/513714

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