Soil pH effects on the interactions between dissolved zinc, non-nano- and nano-ZnO with soil bacterial communities

Read, Daniel S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-5154; Matzke, Marianne; Gweon, Hyun S.; Newbold, Lindsay K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8895-1406; Heggelund, Laura; Diez Ortiz, Maria; Lahive, Elma; Spurgeon, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X. 2016 Soil pH effects on the interactions between dissolved zinc, non-nano- and nano-ZnO with soil bacterial communities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23 (5). 4120-4128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4538-z

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Abstract/Summary

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in an array of products and processes, ranging from personal care products to antifouling paints, textiles, food additives, antibacterial agents and environmental remediation processes. Soils are an environment likely to be exposed to manmade nanoparticles due to the practice of applying sewage sludge as a fertiliser or as an organic soil improver. However, understanding on the interactions between soil properties, nanoparticles and the organisms that live within soil is lacking, especially with regards to soil bacterial communities. We studied the effects of nanoparticulate, non-nanoparticulate and ionic zinc (in the form of zinc chloride) on the composition of bacterial communities in soil with a modified pH range (from pH 4.5 to pH 7.2). We observed strong pH dependent effects on the interaction between bacterial communities and all forms of zinc, with the largest changes in bacterial community composition occurring in soils with low and medium pH levels (pH 4.8 and 5.9). The high pH soil (pH 7.2) was less susceptible to the effects of zinc exposure. At the highest doses of zinc (2500 mg/kg dw soil) both nano and non-nano particulate zinc applications elicited a similar response in the soil bacterial community, and this differed significantly to the ionic zinc salt treatment. The results highlight the importance of considering soil pH in nanotoxicology studies, although further work is needed to determine the exact mechanisms controlling the toxicity and fate and interactions of nanoparticles with soil microbial communities.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4538-z
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Acreman Rees (from October 2014)
ISSN:	0944-1344
Additional Keywords:	soil, pH, bacteria, zinc oxide, nanotoxicology
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Biology and Microbiology
Date made live:	28 Apr 2015 11:19 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/510610

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