Long-term changes to the frequency of occurrence of British moths are consistent with opposing and synergistic effects of climate and land-use changes

Fox, Richard; Oliver, Tom H.; Harrower, Colin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-5293; Parsons, Mark S.; Thomas, Chris D.; Roy, David B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-0331. 2014 Long-term changes to the frequency of occurrence of British moths are consistent with opposing and synergistic effects of climate and land-use changes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51 (4). 949-957. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12256

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Abstract/Summary

1. The distributions of species are likely to be affected by a combination of environmental drivers. We used a dataset of 11 million species occurrence records over the period 1970-2010 to assess changes in the frequency of occurrence of 673 macro-moth species in Great Britain. Groups of species with different predicted sensitivities showed divergent trends, which we interpret in the context of land use and climatic changes. 2. 260 moth species declined significantly whereas 160 increased significantly, revealing a diversity of responses. Overall, frequencies of occurrence declined, mirroring trends in less species-rich, yet more intensively studied taxa. 3. Geographically widespread species, which were predicted to be more sensitive to land use than to climate change, declined significantly in southern Britain, where the cover of urban and arable land has increased. 4. Moths associated with low nitrogen and open environments (based on their larval host plant characteristics) declined most strongly, which is also consistent with a land use explanation. 5. Some moths that reach their northern (leading edge) range limit in southern Britain increased, whereas species restricted to northern Britain (trailing edge) declined significantly, consistent with a climate change explanation. 6. Not all species of a given type behaved similarly, suggesting that complex interactions between species’ attributes and different combinations of environmental drivers determine frequency of occurrence changes. 7. Synthesis and applications. Our findings are consistent with large-scale responses to climatic and land use changes, with some species increasing and others decreasing. We suggest that land use change (e.g. habitat loss, nitrogen deposition) and climate change are both major drivers of moth biodiversity change, acting independently and in combination. Importantly, the diverse responses revealed in this species-rich taxon show that multifaceted conservation strategies are needed to minimise negative biodiversity impacts of multiple environmental changes. We suggest that habitat protection, management and ecological restoration can mitigate combined impacts of land use change and climate change by providing environments that are suitable for existing populations and also enable species to shift their ranges.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12256
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Pywell
ISSN:	0021-8901
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link
Additional Keywords:	citizen science, climate change, frequency of occurrence, habitat loss, invertebrate declines, land-use change, Lepidoptera, moths
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment
Date made live:	23 Jun 2014 11:01 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/507535

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