Bayesian calibration, comparison and averaging of six forest models, using data from Scots pine stands across Europe

Van Oijen, M.; Reyer, C.; Bohn, F.J.; Cameron, D.R.; Deckmyn, G.; Flechsig, M.; Härkönen, S.; Hartig, F.; Huth, A.; Kiviste, A.; Lasch, P.; Mäkelä, A.; Mette, T.; Minunno, F.; Rammer, W.. 2013 Bayesian calibration, comparison and averaging of six forest models, using data from Scots pine stands across Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 289. 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.043

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Abstract/Summary

Forest management requires prediction of forest growth, but there is no general agreement about which models best predict growth, how to quantify model parameters, and how to assess the uncertainty of model predictions. In this paper, we show how Bayesian calibration (BC), Bayesian model comparison (BMC) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) can help address these issues. We used six models, ranging from simple parameter-sparse models to complex process-based models: 3PG, 4C, ANAFORE, BASFOR, BRIDGING and FORMIND. For each model, the initial degree of uncertainty about parameter values was expressed in a prior probability distribution. Inventory data for Scots pine on tree height and diameter, with estimates of measurement uncertainty, were assembled for twelve sites, from four countries: Austria, Belgium, Estonia and Finland. From each country, we used data from two sites of the National Forest Inventories (NFIs), and one Permanent Sample Plot (PSP). The models were calibrated using the NFI-data and tested against the PSP-data. Calibration was done both per country and for all countries simultaneously, thus yielding country-specific and generic parameter distributions. We assessed model performance by sampling from prior and posterior distributions and comparing the growth predictions of these samples to the observations at the PSPs. We found that BC reduced uncertainties strongly in all but the most complex model. Surprisingly, country-specific BC did not lead to clearly better within-country predictions than generic BC. BMC identified the BRIDGING model, which is of intermediate complexity, as the most plausible model before calibration, with 4C taking its place after calibration. In this BMC, model plausibility was quantified as the relative probability of a model being correct given the information in the PSP-data. We discuss how the method of model initialisation affects model performance. Finally, we show how BMA affords a robust way of predicting forest growth that accounts for both parametric and model structural uncertainty.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.043
Programmes:	CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 > Biogeochemistry > BGC Topic 1 - Monitoring and Interpretation of Biogeochemical and Climate Changes > BGC - 1.2 - Manage, assimilate and integrate long-term datasets ... CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 > Biogeochemistry > BGC Topic 2 - Biogeochemistry and Climate System Processes > BGC - 2.4 - Develop model frameworks to predict future impact of environmental drivers ...
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Billett (to November 2013)
ISSN:	0378-1127
Additional Keywords:	dynamic modelling, forest management models, growth prediction, national forest inventories, permanent sample plots, uncertainty
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment
Date made live:	30 Nov 2012 10:56 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/20632

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