Multibeam bathymetry and the depositional environments of Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Howe, John A.; Moreton, Steven G.; Morri, Clara; Morris, Peter. 2003 Multibeam bathymetry and the depositional environments of Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden, western Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Polar Research, 22 (2). 301-316. 10.3402/polar.v22i2.6462

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v22i2.6462

Abstract/Summary

Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden are two ice-proximal fjords on the western coast of Spitsbergen which have been surveyed using multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiling and gravity coring. Central and outer Kongsfjorden is dominated by a 30 km2 outcrop of bedrock, with a thin (<10m) sediment cover. The bedrock displays a relict sub-glacial, ice-scoured topography produced during the glacial re-advances of the Weichselian (20 Ky BP) and again during the last major Holocene re-advance of the Little Ice Age (550-200 yrs BP). Drumlins and glacial flutes are common across the floor of Kongsfjorden, with lengths of 1.5-2.5 km and widths of <100 m, rising up to 10 m in water depths of <100 m. This topography is smoothed by bottom currents from the wind-driven forcing of surface waters. The flow is counter-clockwise, matching boundary layer movement under the influence of Coriolis force. Both fjords are characterized by a variable acoustic character, based on sub-bottom profile data. The deepest basins are dominated by parallel, well-laminated reflectors and an irregular-transparent acoustic character indicating the presence of Holocene-age fine-grained sediments up to 30 m thick. A parallel, irregular-transparent acoustic character with waveform morphology in inner Kongsfjorden is interpreted as moraines, originating from the 1948 and 1869 surges of Kronebreen glacier. Mass-flows are common on the flanks of topographic highs as acoustically chaotic-transparent lensoid and wedge-shaped reflectors. The sediments of outer and central Kongsfjorden are characterized by bioturbated, gas-rich homogeneous muds interpreted as being the result of the settling of fine-grained sediment and particulate suspensions

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.3402/polar.v22i2.6462
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Other
ISSN:	0800-0395
Date made live:	12 Apr 2012 07:50 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17660

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.3402/polar.v22i2.6462

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Other

ISSN:

0800-0395

Date made live:

12 Apr 2012 07:50 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17660