Seasonal patterns of photochemical capacity and spring phenology reveal genetic differentiation among native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Scotland
Salmela, Matti J.; Cavers, Stephen 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-9236; Cottrell, Joan E.; Iason, Glenn R.; Ennos, Richard A..
2011
Seasonal patterns of photochemical capacity and spring phenology reveal genetic differentiation among native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Scotland.
Forest Ecology and Management, 262 (6).
1020-1029.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.037
Abstract/Summary
Environment-driven genetic differentiation among populations is a common feature among forest trees, and an understanding of how populations have adapted to their home site conditions is essential for management and conservation practices. In Scotland, 84 native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands are recognized by the Forestry Commission and they occupy highly diverse environments from the maritime west coast to continental sites in eastern Scotland. However, it is not known whether adaptations to local environments along sharp temperature and rainfall gradients have occurred in different populations and as a result, the seed transfer guidelines of the species are based on data from isozymes and monoterpenes. In this study, we used chlorophyll fluorescence to examine whether seedlings from 32 open-pollinated families and eight populations from sites experiencing contrasting annual temperature regimes differed in their response to variation in natural outdoor temperatures between September 2009 and May 2010. In addition, growth initiation in spring was recorded. Photochemical capacity at photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed a distinct seasonal trend and remained at relatively high levels (~0.7) until December. Following a period of two weeks with temperatures below 0°C, (Fv/Fm) started decreasing towards its minimum values recorded in early March when population means varied between 0.35 and 0.45. By early May and along with rising temperatures, photochemical capacity had recovered to the same level as observed in early December. Populations were found to respond differently to the cold period starting in December. The largest drop in photochemical capacity was observed in seedlings from a low-altitude population located in the maritime western Scotland, while in seedlings from higher-altitude locations in the cooler eastern Scotland, the response was smaller. In March, the recovery of photochemical capacity was slowest in seedlings from the mildest and coolest sites. Evidence of adaptive genetic differentiation was also found in spring phenology. Initiation of shoot elongation and needle flush were earlier in families from higher altitudes (cooler areas), but population differences were not significant at the α=0.05 level. These results suggest that adaptation to the spatially heterogeneous environment in Scotland has taken place in Scots pine and that in order to minimise the risk of planting maladapted seed stock, the patterns of environmental and adaptive genetic variation should be taken into account in the management of genetic resources in this species.
| Item Type: | Publication - Article |
|---|---|
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI): | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.037 |
| Programmes: | CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 > Biodiversity |
| UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas: | Watt |
| ISSN: | 0378-1127 |
| Additional Keywords: | genetic diversity, Pinus sylvestris, adaptation, chlorophyll fluorescence, bud burst |
| NORA Subject Terms: | Ecology and Environment |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date made live: | 20 Sep 2011 11:00 +0 (UTC) |
| URI: | https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/14421 |
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