The Arctic cryosphere in the Mid-Pliocene and the future

Lunt, Daniel J.; Haywood, Alan M.; Foster, Gavin L.; Stone, Emma J.. 2009 The Arctic cryosphere in the Mid-Pliocene and the future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 367 (1886). 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0218

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Abstract/Summary

The Mid-Pliocene (ca 3 Myr ago) was a relatively warm period, with increased atmospheric CO2 relative to pre-industrial. It has therefore been highlighted as a possible palaeo-analogue for the future. However, changed vegetation patterns, orography and smaller ice sheets also influenced the Mid-Pliocene climate. Here, using a general circulation model and ice-sheet model, we determine the relative contribution of vegetation and soils, orography and ice, and CO2 to the Mid-Pliocene Arctic climate and cryosphere. Compared with pre-industrial, we find that increased Mid-Pliocene CO2 contributes 35 per cent, lower orography and ice-sheet feedbacks contribute 42 per cent, and vegetation changes contribute 23 per cent of Arctic temperature change. The simulated Mid-Pliocene Greenland ice sheet is substantially smaller than that of modern, mostly due to the higher CO2. However, our simulations of future climate change indicate that the same increase in CO2 is not sufficient to melt the modern ice sheet substantially. We conclude that, although the Mid-Pliocene resembles the future in some respects, care must be taken when interpreting it as an exact analogue due to vegetation and ice-sheet feedbacks. These act to intensify Mid-Pliocene Arctic climate change, and act on a longer time scale than the century scale usually addressed in future climate prediction.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0218
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > Greenhouse to Icehouse. Evolution of the Antarctic Cryosphere and Palaeoenvironment
ISSN:	1364-503X
Additional Keywords:	Pliocene; ice sheets; cryosphere; Greenland; palaeoclimate
NORA Subject Terms:	Meteorology and Climatology Glaciology Earth Sciences
Date made live:	08 Nov 2010 11:22 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11144

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0218

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > Greenhouse to Icehouse. Evolution of the Antarctic Cryosphere and Palaeoenvironment

ISSN:

1364-503X

Additional Keywords:

Pliocene; ice sheets; cryosphere; Greenland; palaeoclimate

NORA Subject Terms:

Meteorology and Climatology
Glaciology
Earth Sciences